merensky platinum processing

OVERVIEW OF PGM PROCESSING - Anglo American Platinum

• The Merensky Reef, the source of most historical and current SA production, contains relatively higher PGM grades and ratios of Platinum (vs Palladium) • The UG2 Reef, a chromite-rich reef, is more consistent, but lacks Merensky’s high yield of Gold, Copper and Nickel byproducts.

(PDF) Geometallurgical characterisation of the Merensky ...

The NP2 reef Merensky ore is the easiest ore to process in terms. of ore hardness and flotation performance relative to the Normal. ... As the Merensky reef is a platinum-group element (PGE) ore ...

Merensky Reef - Wikipedia

The Merensky Reef is a layer of igneous rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in the North West, Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa which together with an underlying layer, the Upper Group 2 Reef (UG2), contains most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) or platinum group elements (PGEs)—platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium. The Reef is 46 cm thick and bounded

(PDF) Froth flotation of a Merensky Reef platinum bearing ...

Dec 01, 2015 · Platinum group elements (PGE) are recovered by flotation from the Merensky reef in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The reef contains approximately 1% sulphide minerals in the form of ...

Froth flotation of a Merensky platinum bearing ore with ...

The Bushveld igneous complex in northern South Africa has the largest deposit of platinum group elements (PGE) in the world. In trace amounts, these are closely associated with base metal sulphides (BMS). Froth flotation is used to beneficiate these PGE ores. The process constitutes a bulk sulphide recovery.

Platinum group metals in SA - Platinum Refineries

The Merensky Reef is the source of over 80 per cent of the platinum mined in South Africa This has been successfully exploited since the late '20s. More PGMs are found in the chromatite reefs of the BIC.

Merensky Limited

Merensky Timber has been the proud supplier of quality hardwood and softwood timber since 1949. Our Eucalyptus and Pine are harvested in sustainably-managed forests across South Africa, processed to world-class standards, and sold to customers locally and offshore. Browse our site to see what timber and promotions are on offer, then complete ...

Melting of platinum group metal concentrates in South Africa

Melting of platinum group metal (PGM) concentrates in South Africa dates back to the 1930s when blast furnaces were installed in Rustenburg to melt concentrate obtained from the Merensky Reef, one of the two main PGM-bearing reefs in the Bushveld Complex. (A third reef type, the Platreef, is mined in smaller quantities. Concentrates from the ...

Application of fundamentals in optimizing platinum ...

Conference, Platinum in transition ‘Boom or Bust’, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2010. Application of fundamentals in optimizing platinum concentrator performance M.M. VALENTA and H. MAPHETO Metallicon Process Consulting (Pty) Ltd A number of challenges face platinum concentrator plant operators.

PGM Ore Processing at Impala's UG-2 Concentrator

Impala Platinum Limited is the world’s second largest platinum producer, producing more than 1.7 million ounces of the precious metal last year, much of this from the UG-2 reef located in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. As part of Impala’s ongoing expansion programme, tonnage through their principal UG-2 processing

Merensky-type platinum deposits and a reappraisal of magma ...

Jun 19, 2019 · Merensky-type platinum deposits in mafic-ultramafic layered ... on the magma-cumulate interface because heterogeneous nucleation on pre-existing crystals is a kinetically favorable process 41,63 ...

Froth flotation of a Merensky platinum bearing ore with ...

The Bushveld igneous complex in northern South Africa has the largest deposit of platinum group elements (PGE) in the world. In trace amounts, these are closely associated with base metal sulphides (BMS). Froth flotation is used to beneficiate these PGE ores. The process constitutes a bulk sulphide recovery.

et al., 1991;

• The major players in the platinum industry in South Africa (Anglo Platinum and Impala Platinum) have traditionally concentrated more on exploitation ofthe Merensky Reef. This situation has been changing over the past few years (Vermaak, 1995). • In addition, the atmosphere of secrecy prevailing in the platinum

Extraction of Platinum Group Metals | IntechOpen

Feb 21, 2018 · 2. Geology. In South Africa, the PGM ore is mined in the western and eastern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex [].Within the Bushveld Igneous Complex, the Merensky reef, the Platreef and Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef are exploited for platinum production [1, 4, 9].Merensky and Platreef have similar chemical and mineral composition [6, 10].These reefs typically have fairly low contents of sulphides.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

change in mining mix between Merensky and UG2 ore for all the major platinum producers: Anglo Platinum, Impala Platinum, Lonmin and Northern Platinum since the initial exploitation of the UG2 Reef in 1983 with the percentage of UG2 ore being mined increasing at the expense of Merensky ore.

Interpreting the role of reagents in the flotation of ...

International Platinum Conference ‘Platinum Surges Ahead’, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2006. Interpreting the role of reagents in the flotation of platinum-bearing Merensky ores J.G. WIESE, M. BECKER, D.J. BRADSHAW and P.J. HARRIS Mineral Processing Research Unit (MPRU), Rondebosch, South Africa Reagents are ...

(PDF) Shape and distribution analysis of Merensky Reef ...

Normal Merensky Reef on Northam Platinum Mine, Zwartklip Facies, Upper Critical Zone, Western Bushveld Complex. By Damian Smith and Ian Basson. Filling the Bushveld Complex magma chamber: lateral expansion, roof and floor interaction, magmatic unconformities, and the formation of giant chromitite, PGE and Ti-V-magnetitite deposits.

Solutions & Applications — Kell Process

Platinum Group Metals. Kell Process is working with most of the major and mid-tier PGM producers and several explorers in assessing specific potential Kell Process applications. ... A world class PGM concentrator – processing of 220 ktpm Merensky ore and 75 ktpm UG2 ore, producing 15,000 oz/m PGM (Pt, pd, Rh, Au) plus Cu, Ni and Co in ...

FACT SHEET IMPALA - Impala Platinum

The fi rst vertical shaft (62m) was developed in 1967 to obtain a bulk Merensky sample. Impala Platinum Limited was created on 26 April 1968, as a subsidiary of Union Corporation. Initial production commenced on 22 July 1969 after a mining lease over land predominantly owned by the then Bafokeng

The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by ...

Jan 07, 2021 · and platinum ˇUSD400/oz, whereas in 2020, palladium prices had increased almost 20-fold to ˇUSD 2000/oz, and platinum only doubled to ˇUSD 800/oz. Although the demand for rhodium is much less than that for Pt or Pd, its 2020 price of almost USD7000/oz makes it an economically attractive product for companies processing PGMs.

A mineralogical perspective on the recovery of platinum ...

Published studies dealing with the process mineralogy of Pt mines on the Bushveld Complex is generally limited to the Western Bushveld. The recognition by mine management that another resource, in addition to the Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef currently being mined at the Two Rivers platinum mine (TRP), is urgently required in order to extend the life of mine, presented an opportunity to conduct ...

Platinum - Anglo American plc

Platinum . Our subsidiary, Anglo Platinum, is the world’s largest primary ... Complex, which contains PGM-bearing Merensky, UG2 and Platreef ores. The company’s access to an excellent portfolio of ore reserves ensures that ... Process (100% owned) ...

Shape and distribution analysis of Merensky Reef potholing ...

Syn-magmatic removal of the cumulate pile during the formation of the Bushveld Complex resulted in “potholes”. Erosion progressed downward in the cumulate pile, resulting in a series of steep, transgressive contacts between locally conformable potholed reefs in the regional pothole sub-facies of the Swartklip Facies in the western limb of the Bushveld Complex. The deepest of these potholes ...

Mineralogical characterisation of naturally floatable ...

Dec 08, 2009 · 1.. IntroductionThe Bushveld Complex in South Africa is a layered igneous intrusion stretching over approximately 65 000 km 2 (Eales and Cawthorn, 1996) and is host to some of the world's major platinum group mineral (PGM) ore deposits including the Merensky Reef, UG2 Reef and Platreef.Mining and mineral processing of these three ore deposits represents a significant proportion of the economy ...

An investigation into the process mineralogy of the ...

An investigation into the process mineralogy of the Merensky reef at Northam Platinum Limited. [Thesis]. University of Cape Town ,Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment ,Department of Chemical Engineering, 2008 [cited yyyy month dd].

About – Merensky Limited

Merensky is part of the HMH Group, which was founded in 1949 by Dr Hans Merensky. Born in Botshabelo in 1871, Dr Hans Merensky became a legend in his time - a world-famous prospector and geologist, humanitarian, devotee of nature, afforestation and agriculture and a visionary. In a brilliant career of close on 50 years of active field work, Dr ...

Magmatic Ore Deposits in Layered Intrusions—Descriptive ...

Value contour map of the Merensky Reef, Rustenburg section of the Rustenburg Platinum Mines. Modified from Viljoen and Hieber (1986). PGE, platinum -group elements ..... 34 Figure 14. Map showing the outcrop trace of the Merensky Reef and its average platinum grade on mining

Platinum Mining in the Transvaal | Johnson Matthey ...

The Merensky platinum-bearing horizon is located in the lower portion of this norite sheet. At both the Rustenburg and Union sections the platinum group metals are mainly concentrated in a layer of coarse felspathic pyroxenitic norite against which lies a three-quarter-inch chromite-rich platiniferous band known locally as the “Chrome Band”.

From Paragenesis to Processing: Geological Reconstructions ...

Brough, C (2008); An investigation into the process mineralogy of the Merensky Reef at Northam Platinum Limited, Thesis, University of Cape Town Brough, C., Bradshaw, D. J., Becker, M. (2010): A comparison of the flotation behaviour and the effect of copper activation on three reef types from the Merensky reef at Northam, Minerals Engineering ...

An overview of Southern African PGM smelting

by Anglo Platinum, but Merensky and UG2 ores are processed by all the producers. These ores are quite different from each other, and require different approaches to metallurgical processing. For example, UG2 ore has a much lower content of nickel and copper sulphides, and contains much more chromite than Merensky ore. The Platreef can

FACT SHEET TWO RIVERS - Impala Platinum

Platinum was first discovered in the area by renowned explorer Hans Merensky on the nearby farm Maandagshoek (now Modikwa Platinum) in the 1920’s. During 2001, Assmang elected to dispose of its platinum interests at the Dwarsrivier Chrome mine. Two Rivers Platinum, the incorporated Joint Venture between Avmin and Implats secured

The Top Platinum Producing Countries In The World

Apr 25, 2017 · The Merensky Reef, the major platinum source, was first used for platinum mining in 1925 until the close of the 20th century. The UG2 Reef opened in the 1970s and from then on became the major source of platinum in South Africa, accounting for over a majority of the platinum mined in the country.

Zondereinde Platinum Mine - Wikimapia

It is adjacent to the Amandelbult mine owned by Anglo Platinum. The mine consists of two reefs namely the Merensky reef and the UG2 reef, and is spread over 625ha with a strike length of 8km. It is 100% owned by Northam Platinum Limited. The mine primarily produces platinum, palladium, rhodium and gold. It has an estimated life of 18 years.

Geometallurgical characterisation of Merensky Reef and

Geometallurgical characterisation of Merensky Reef and UG2 at the Lonmin Marikana mine, Bushveld Complex, South Africa . By . Thomas Dzvinamurungu . Dissertation . Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree . of . Magister Scientiae . in . Geology . in the . Faculty of Science . at the . University of Johannesburg, South Africa

refining of platinum group metals / priciple flow sheet

refining of platinum group metals ore concentrate. pgm ore concentrate The figure below shows a typical assay of a South African platinum group metals ore concentrate obtained as the filter cake after sulfuric acid leach (according to the Sherrit process) of a Merensky reef converter matte.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A GHH ROOF BOLTER MACHINE AT

Aug 11, 2021 · IMPLEMENTATION OF A GHH ROOF BOLTER MACHINE AT MERENSKY SHAFT (BOOYSENDAL PLATINUM MINE) – A CASE STUDY Wonderboy Orchard Kekana A research project report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built ... process of the 3108a machine Roll-out to people on the team.

Beneficiation and Extractive Metallurgy of PGE

The terms PGE (Platinum Group Elements) and PGM (Platinum Group . Minerals) are often used interchangeably, and incorrectly, in the processing and metallurgical literature. The terminology is confused further by PGM being referred to as platinum group metals (which is strictly correct) but often leads to the abbreviation of PGM, which refers

Impala Platinum Mine, Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Mineral processing. The base and precious metal refineries for the Impala platinum mine are located in Springs, east of Johannesburg. The high chromium grade ore from the shafts is allocated to the UG2 Plant while the PGMs ore from the Merensky reef is processed in the Central Concentrator.